A uterine septum is a congenital anomaly where there’s a partition inside the uterus that divides the uterine cavity into two sections. This partition can be made up of fibrous tissue either partially or completely, and sometimes it may contain muscle tissue. A uterine septum can lead to fertility-related complications, including an increased risk of miscarriage, preterm labor, and issues with placental placement.

The diagnosis of a uterine septum is often made during infertility evaluations or after multiple miscarriages. Ultrasound is the initial diagnostic step. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the uterus can also provide detailed information about the uterine structure and the presence of a septum.

Treating a uterine septum typically involves surgical intervention known as hysteroscopic septum resection. This procedure is performed using a hysteroscope, a thin tube inserted through the cervix into the uterine cavity. The goal of this minimally invasive surgery is to remove the partition, creating a single uterine cavity, thereby improving the chances for a successful pregnancy and reducing the risk of pregnancy complications.