Rectocele, also known as a posterior vaginal wall prolapse, is a condition where the wall between the vagina and rectum weakens, leading to a bulge of the rectum towards the vagina. This condition can cause a sense of discomfort, issues with bowel emptying, a feeling of incomplete evacuation after defecation, and difficulties during sexual intercourse. Rectocele often results from multiple childbirths, chronic constipation, or prolonged straining, and the loss of estrogen after menopause can contribute to tissue weakening.

The diagnosis of rectocele usually involves a detailed medical discussion about symptoms, as well as a physical examination. A gynecologist can perform an examination of the vagina and rectum to assess the degree of the bulge. Additional diagnostic methods may include defecography, a radiographic examination that shows the function of the rectum and vagina during emptying, and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvis for a more detailed view of the anatomical structures.

The treatment for rectocele depends on the severity of symptoms and their impact on the quality of life. In milder cases, treatment may involve conservative methods such as dietary changes to ease constipation, pelvic floor strengthening exercises, or physical therapy. When symptoms are more pronounced or conservative methods do not bring improvement, surgical intervention may be considered.
One of the options for surgical treatment of rectocele is the transvaginal approach, where the rectocele is accessed through the vagina to strengthen the wall between the rectum and vagina. In some cases, a minimally invasive laparoscopic approach may also be considered, which allows for quicker recovery and less postoperative pain compared to traditional surgeries. The decision on the best treatment approach depends on the individual circumstances of the patient, including the severity of symptoms, overall health, and specific treatment goals.