A kidney tumor is an abnormal growth of cells within the kidney, an organ responsible for filtering blood and producing urine. Tumors can be benign or malignant (cancerous). Malignant tumors, also known as kidney cancer, pose a serious health threat because they can metastasize, i.e., spread to other parts of the body.

Diagnosing kidney tumors typically involves a combination of laboratory tests, imaging, and biopsy. Laboratory tests can detect abnormalities in blood or urine that indicate a kidney issue. Imaging techniques, such as ultrasound, CT, or MRI, allow doctors to visually assess the kidney’s structure and identify the presence of tumors. A biopsy, taking a tissue sample for microscopic analysis, is the definitive method to determine whether a tumor is benign or malignant.

Laparoscopic nephrectomy is one of the main surgical methods for treating kidney tumors, which can be either total or partial.
Total laparoscopic nephrectomy involves removing the entire kidney when the tumor is large or poorly positioned for partial removal. This method is often necessary when the tumor has affected a significant part of the kidney.
Partial laparoscopic nephrectomy is used when only part of the kidney affected by the tumor can be removed, sparing the rest of the healthy tissue. This is preferable as it allows the kidney to continue functioning.
Both procedures are performed using laparoscopy, a minimally invasive technique that allows for quicker recovery and less pain after surgery compared to traditional open surgical methods. The choice between total and partial nephrectomy depends on the size and position of the tumor, as well as the overall health condition of the patient.