MicroTESE (microsurgical testicular sperm extraction) is a highly specialized surgical procedure used to extract sperm directly from the testes in men with non-obstructive azoospermia, a condition where there is no sperm in the ejaculate. This technique employs an operating microscope to identify and open the tubules in the testes that may contain spermatogenesis, increasing the chances of finding mature sperm.

Preparation for MicroTESE involves several steps. Comprehensive diagnostic testing, including hormone analysis and genetic testing, are necessary to confirm the diagnosis and determine the optimal strategy for the procedure. Patients should discontinue certain medications that may affect bleeding or other aspects of the surgery. Before the operation, it is recommended to avoid heavy food and liquids.

MicroTESE is typically performed under general anesthesia. The operating microscope allows the surgeon to precisely locate and open tubules in the testis that may contain sperm. This technique minimizes damage to surrounding tissue and increases the chances of obtaining viable sperm. The surgeon carefully examines the testicular tissue, taking samples from areas most likely to contain sperm.

Recovery after MicroTESE usually involves limiting physical activity. Patients are advised to restrict physical activity, especially lifting heavy objects and intensive exercise, for several weeks. Monitoring of wound healing and regular check-ups are necessary to ensure there are no infections or other complications.
MicroTESE can significantly contribute to the chances of biological parenthood for men with azoospermia, especially when used in conjunction with assisted reproduction techniques such as IVF and ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection).