Uterine polyps are noncancerous growths that appear on the lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium, and may protrude into the uterine cavity. These polyps are composed of blood vessels and endometrial-like tissue. Their sizes can range significantly, and they might occur individually or in groups. Although uterine polyps are generally benign, there’s a small chance they could become cancerous. Symptoms associated with uterine polyps include irregular menstrual bleeding, bleeding after menopause, spotting between periods, or difficulties with becoming pregnant.

The diagnosis of uterine polyps typically begins with a gynecological exam and is confirmed by ultrasound. Additional methods such as hysteroscopy, which allows the doctor to directly view the inside of the uterus and take a tissue sample for further examination, are also valuable in diagnosing polyps.

The treatment of uterine polyps depends on the symptoms, size, and number of polyps, as well as the patient’s desire for future pregnancies. If polyps are asymptomatic and show no signs of malignancy, monitoring may be the only recommendation. However, in cases where polyps cause symptoms or there is concern about potential malignancy, surgical removal is advised. These surgeries are usually performed on an outpatient basis and involve the removal of polyps using a hysteroscope inserted through the cervix and into the uterine cavity.

After removal, polyps are sent for pathological analysis to rule out the presence of cancer cells. In most cases, women experience significant improvement in symptoms after treatment.